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Lung

OPTN/SRTR 2017 Annual Data Report: Lung

Abstract

Each year since 2012, the number of lung transplants has increased, reflecting an increase in the number of donors, improved use of recovered organs, and more candidates being listed for transplant. However, the need for organs continues to outpace available donors. Despite an increase of 126 donors in 2017, 1360 candidates remained on the waiting list at the end of the year, and 326 patients died or became too sick to undergo transplant. Approximately 14,000 individuals were living with a lung transplant in 2017; 9492 were aged 50 years or older, 4075 were aged 18-49 years, and 408 were aged younger than 18 years.

Introduction

In 2017, 2478 lung transplants were performed in the US, the highest number to date (Figure LU 43). Each year since 2012, the number of lung transplants has increased, reflecting an increase in the number of donors (Figure LU 35), improved use of recovered organs (Figure LU 40), and more candidates being listed for transplant (Figure LU 1). However, the need for organs continues to outpace available donors. Despite an increase of 126 donors in 2017, 1360 candidates remained on the waiting list at the end of the year (Figure LU 1), and 326 patients died or became too sick to undergo transplant (Table LU 5).

The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) continuously monitors and adjusts the US organ allocation system to ensure improved access for candidates at highest risk for mortality while awaiting transplant. Candidates aged 12 years or older access lung transplant based on calculated lung allocation score (LAS), age, geography, blood type (ABO) compatibility, and, if necessary, waiting time. Candidates aged younger than 12 years access transplant based on illness-based priority status, age, geography, blood type (ABO) compatibility, and waiting time. The LAS primarily considers the risk of waitlist mortality, while giving some consideration to posttransplant survival to minimize allocation of lungs to candidates with poor likelihood of posttransplant survival. In calculating the LAS, pulmonary diseases are categorized into four main groups based on similar survival probability and disease pathophysiology. These are group A, obstructive lung disease; group B, pulmonary vascular disease; group C, cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiency disorders; and group D, restrictive lung disease.

Some noted trends may reflect recent changes to the US allocation system. After implementation of the LAS in 2005, the proportion of waitlisted candidates with LAS values in the lowest range predominated; however, this trend has been declining since 2006 (Figure LU 8). A revision of the LAS system that occurred in February 2015, reflecting a more updated cohort and adding new variables to more accurately reflect disease severity for candidates in group B. Due to the change in LAS calculation, scores before and after 2015 may not be directly comparable. Another change in policy occurred in March 2017, when the OPTN implemented policies for broader geographic sharing of organs for child (age 0-11 years) and adolescent (age 12-17 years) candidates. Adolescents also receive preference for adult donor lungs through the LAS system. These efforts may partly explain why waitlist mortality for adolescents has decreased in the past year (Figure LU 23). Finally, an important policy change occurred in November 2017 regarding the role geography plays in allocation of lungs for transplant; donation service area was removed as the first unit of allocation for donor lungs and replaced by a 250-nautical-mile circle from the donor hospital. The OPTN/SRTR is currently studying this policy.

In this report, all lung transplant candidates and recipients aged 12 years or older are included under Adult Lung Transplant, and those aged 0-11 years are included under Lung Transplant in Children. Heart-lung patients are included in all tabulations.

Waiting List

Characteristics of US candidates waiting for a lung transplant

In 2017, 2901 candidates were added to the lung transplant waiting list, continuing a trend toward increased use of lung transplant as a treatment for end-stage lung disease (Figure LU 1). At the same time, more lung transplants are being performed in the US than ever (Figure LU 43), resulting in fewer candidates remaining on the waiting list at each year’s end (Figure LU 2). Characteristics of US lung transplant candidates remain largely unchanged, although candidates are increasingly older and have interstitial lung disease (diagnosis group D).

Candidates aged 65 years or older comprised 30.1% of the waiting list in 2017, compared with only 22.1% 5 years prior (Figure LU 3). Since 2014, the proportion of candidates in each diagnosis group remained relatively stable: 51.6%, group D; 30.9%, group A; 10.8%, group C; and 6.7%, group B (Figure LU 6). Candidates with low LAS have made up a smaller proportion of the waiting list. In 2006, 56.8% of candidates had LAS < 35, and by 2017 that group declined to 37.6% of candidates. Those with LAS ≥ 50 grew from 7.3% of candidates in 2006 to 15.0% in 2017 (Figure LU 8). In 2017, the proportion of candidate with LAS values were: < 30, 0.7%; 30-<35, 36.9%; 35-<40, 28.2%; 40-<50, 19.3%; and 50-100, 15.0% (Figure LU 8).

Outcome of US candidates listed for lung transplant

Lung transplant rates in the US have increased consistently every year; the 2017 rate was 173.2 per 100 waitlist-years, compared with 106.6 per 100 waitlist-years in 2012 (Figure LU 13). This is primarily due to increasing numbers of adult deceased donors (Figure LU 35), but also to increased use of lungs recovered for transplant (Figure LU 40). Candidates spend less time on the waiting list; 30.3% wait less than 1 month and 81.9% less than 1 year (Figure LU 7). The median waiting time for transplant recipients was 2.5 months, varied by diagnosis as follows: group D, 1.9 months; group C, 2.1 months; group A, 4.0 months; and group B, 5.1 months (Figure LU 19). Corresponding transplant rates were: group D, 236.9; group C, 194.1; group A, 118.7; and group B, 99.1 per 100 waitlist-years (Figure LU 13). Transplant rates were highest among candidates aged 12-17 years, followed by candidates aged 65 years or older, with rates of 235.7 and 226.0 per 100 waitlist-years, respectively (Figure LU 11).

Mortality rates in 2016-2017 were slightly lower overall and for most subgroups examined, to an overall rate of 17.2 per 100 waitlist-years (Figure LU 24). Pretransplant mortality rates decreased for adolescents, from 38.9 per 100 waitlist years in 2014-2015 to 19.4 in 2016-2017 (Figure LU 23), and decreased slightly among adults aged 18 years or older (Figure LU 23). Mortality rates varied by diagnosis; waitlist mortality was highest for patients in group D, a trend that has been consistent in lung transplantation irrespective of the allocation system, followed by groups B, A, and C, respectively (Figure LU 26). Mortality by LAS decreased for all candidates with LAS ≥ 35, but most dramatically for candidates with LAS ≥50, an expected outcome of increasing transplant rates in an acuity-based allocation system such as the LAS (Figure LU 27). Despite these substantial gains in transplant rates and decreasing mortality rates, 326 patients died while waiting or became too sick to undergo transplant in 2017 (Table LU 5).

Transplant

Characteristics of US lung transplant recipients

In 2017, 2478 lung transplants were performed, an increase of 133 from the previous year and the most lung transplants performed in a single year in the US (Figure LU 43). Of these, 1860 were bilateral and 618 were single transplants, reflecting the trend toward increased use of bilateral lung transplants (Figure LU 43). Candidates aged 50-64 years undergo the most transplants; however, numbers of transplants have increased each year in candidates aged >65 years (Figure LU 44). Candidates in diagnosis group D underwent 1416 transplants in 2017, as did 669 in group A, 266 in group C, and 127 in group B (Figure LU 47). In 2017, 96.8% of candidates underwent primary lung transplant and 3.2% re-transplant (Table LU 8).

For transplant recipients, the median LAS at transplant was 40.3 in 2017, virtually unchanged from 2016 (Figure LU 50). Median LAS at transplant by diagnosis group was: 44.1, group B; 43.8, group D; 43.5, group C; and 33.5, group A (Figure LU 51). Despite changes in LAS calculation in 2015, LAS distribution at transplant remained largely stable between 2012 and 2017, 30-50 at transplant for almost all candidates. Most candidates were not hospitalized prior to transplant; only 9.5% required hospitalization outside intensive care, and 12.0% required care in the intensive care unit in 2017, trends similar to trends in 2012 (Table LU 7). Proportions of candidates requiring support with mechanical ventilation (vent) were 3.0%, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 2.2%, and vent + ECMO 3.0% (Table LU 7). Although use of ECMO alone rose from 17 (1.0%) in 2012 to 53 (2.2%) in 2017, it is not a prominent mode of support for transplant candidates (Table LU 7).

In 2017, there were 65 centers in the US that performed transplants in adults. The median number of transplants performed was 26 per program in 2017 (Figure LU 56). The annual lung transplant program volume of 17 transplants represented the 25th percentile and 54 transplants the 75th percentile of transplant volume activity (Figure LU 56). Three programs performed >100 transplants in 2017, accounting for 15.1% of transplants in the US. Nineteen programs performed 41-100 transplants, accounting for 50.6%; 35 programs performed 11-40 transplants, accounting for 32.5%; and 8 programs performing <10 transplants annually accounted for 1.9% (Figure LU 57).

Outcomes of US lung transplant recipients

Approximately 14,000 individuals were living with a lung transplant in 2017; 9492 were aged 50 years or older, 4075 were aged 18-49 years, and 408 were aged younger than 18 years (Figure LU 67). Short-term survival seemed to improve, but the pattern for longer-term survival is unclear. By 2017, 3-year mortality had increased slightly and 5-year mortality had declined some; however, 10-year mortality had clearly increased (Figure LU 66). Among recipients 2010-2012, 1-year survival was 85.8%; 68.8% of transplant recipients surviving to 3 years and 56.1% to 5 years (Figure LU 58). Age remained an important factor in posttransplant survival, which was worse for recipients aged 12-17 and 65 years or older and best for those aged 35-49 years (Figure LU 58). Survival differed by LAS, and was slightly lower for recipients in the highest LAS range of 60-100 at all time points compared with recipients with lower LAS values (Figure LU 60). Survival differed by diagnosis, and was highest for recipients in groups C and A and lowest for recipients in groups B and D (Figure LU 62). Early survival was similar for recipients of single and bilateral lung transplant, but began to diverge by 6 months posttransplant and was higher for recipients of bilateral transplant, a finding that may be confounded by unadjusted comorbid conditions (Figure LU 63).

Most lung transplant recipients (79.3%) received induction therapy; 70.5% received induction with interleukin-2 receptor antagonist (Figure LU 53). Tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and steroids were the most common immunosuppression regimens, used in 83.2% of recipients (Figure LU 54). Use of induction did not seem to make a difference in incidence of acute rejection by 1 year (Figure LU 69). In the first year posttransplant, infectious causes accounted for the highest percentage of deaths (Figure LU 72). Infection remains an important cause of death, but is surpassed by graft failure and respiratory causes by year 3 (Figure LU 73).

Lung Transplant in Children

Waiting List

In 2017, 30 new child (ages 0-11 years) candidates were added to the lung transplant waiting list; 5 were inactive at the time of listing (Figure LU 74). The number of prevalent child candidates (i.e., on the waiting list on December 31 of a given year) steadily decreased from a peak of 111 in 2006 to 25 in 2017 (Figure LU 75). The largest age group of child candidates on the waiting list in 2017 was 6-11 years; these candidates made up 59.1% of the waiting list, followed by candidates aged 1-5 years, 22.7%, and younger than 1 year, 18.2% (Figure LU 76). Most child lung transplant candidates were white (56.8%), with increasing proportions of Hispanic (20.5%), black (11.4%), and Asian (6.8%) candidates (Figure LU 77). Of child candidates in 2017, 63.7% were on the waiting list for less than 6 months, 11.4% for 6 months to less than 1 year, 15.9% for 1 to less than 2 years, and 9.1% for 2 or more years (Figure LU 79). In 2017, 100% of candidates were listed for lung-only transplant, compared with 85.7% in 2007 (Table LU 13).

Of 27 candidates removed from the waiting list in 2017, 16 (59.3%) were removed due to undergoing transplant, 8 (29.6%) due to death, 2 (7.4%) due to improved condition, and 1 (3.6%) due to becoming too sick to undergo transplant (Table LU 14, Table LU 15). Regarding 3-year outcomes for child lung transplant candidates listed in 2014, 58.3% underwent deceased donor transplant, 22.2% died waiting, and 19.4% were removed from the list for reasons other than transplant or death (Figure LU 80). The overall child lung transplant rate rose dramatically in 2013, at 68.7 per 100 waitlist-years compared with 27.0 in 2012, and has remained relatively stable since, with a rate of 68.3 per 100 waitlist-years in 2017 (Figure LU 81). Pretransplant mortality decreased for the most recent cohort in 2016-2017 to 10.8 deaths per 100 waitlist-years for all candidates aged 0-11 years (Figure LU 83). Rates were higher for candidates aged younger than 6 years than for those aged 6-11 years, 24.3 versus 6.3 per 100 waitlist-years.

Transplant

In 2017, a total of 13 lung transplants were performed in recipients aged 0-11 years, 3 in recipients aged younger than 1 year, 4 in recipients aged 1-5 years, and 6 in recipients aged 6-11 years (Figure LU 85). Seven out of 70 programs were characterized as pediatric programs in 2017, compared with 56 adult-only programs (Figure LU 86). In 2015-2017, the proportion of child lung transplant recipients aged 6-11 years was larger than in 2005-2007, and more recipients were Hispanic (Table LU 16). In 2015-2017, lung-only transplants increased to 97.8% from 86.4% in 2005-2007 (Table LU 18).

Pediatric Immunosuppression and Outcomes

Induction therapy has changed over time, with an increase in use of T-cell-depleting agents to 55.2% of patients in 2016-2017 and a continued decrease in the use of interleukin-2 receptor antagonists to 31.0% (Figure LU 87). The most common initial immunosuppression agent regimen was tacrolimus, MMF, and steroids, in 86.7% of recipients (Figure LU 88). The incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder among Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative recipients who underwent transplant in 2005-2015 was 6.7% at 5 years posttransplant, compared with 1.1% among EBV-positive recipients (Figure LU 90). Incidence of death was 24.3% at 6 months and 33.6% at 1 year for transplants in 2015-2016, 31.3% at 3 years for transplants in 2013-2014, 22.0% at 5 years for transplants in 2011-2012, and 51.7% at 10 years for transplants in 2005-2006 (Figure LU 91). For children who underwent transplant in 2005-2012, overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient survival was 83.2%, 66.4%, and 59.7%, respectively (Figure LU 92). By age, patient survival rates were highest for recipients aged 6-11 years at all time points. Among children, the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was associated with higher survival rates compared with the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and other diagnoses (Figure LU 93). Leading causes of death were infection at 1 year posttransplant (3.8%, Figure LU 94) and graft failure at 5 years (9.7%), followed by respiratory (5.8%), infection (3.8%), and cerebro/cardiovascular causes (2.9%) (Figure LU 95).

Among child lung transplant recipients in 2013-2017, the combination of a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive donor and CMV-negative recipient occurred in 25.8% of transplants; this combination for EBV occurred in 37.6% of transplants (Table LU 19).

Complication rates in child lung transplant recipients increased with time posttransplant, including bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (4.8% at 1 year and 34.8% at 5 years) (Table LU 20). For most surviving child lung transplant recipients (91.3%), functional status was reported as fully active at 5 years posttransplant.

Figure List

Waiting list

Figure LU 1. New candidates aged 12 years or older added to the lung transplant waiting list
Figure LU 2. Candidates aged 12 years or older listed for lung transplant on December 31 of each year
Figure LU 3. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by age
Figure LU 4. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by sex
Figure LU 5. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by race
Figure LU 6. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by diagnosis group
Figure LU 7. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by waiting time
Figure LU 8. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by LAS at listing
Figure LU 9. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by height
Figure LU 10. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by blood type
Figure LU 11. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by age
Figure LU 12. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by race
Figure LU 13. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by diagnosis group
Figure LU 14. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by blood type
Figure LU 15. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by height
Figure LU 16. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan residence
Figure LU 17. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by distance from listing center
Figure LU 18. Three-year outcomes for candidates aged 12 years or older waiting for lung transplant, new listings in 2014
Figure LU 19. Median months to lung transplant for waitlisted candidates aged 12 years or older, by diagnosis group
Figure LU 20. Percentage of candidates aged 12 years or older who underwent deceased donor lung transplant within a given time period of listing
Figure LU 21. Percentage of candidates aged 12 years or older who underwent deceased donor lung transplant within 1 year of listing in 2016 by DSA
Figure LU 22. Percentage of candidates aged 12 years or older who underwent deceased donor lung transplant within 1 year of listing in 2016 by state
Figure LU 23. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by age
Figure LU 24. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by race
Figure LU 25. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by sex
Figure LU 26. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by diagnosis group
Figure LU 27. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by LAS
Figure LU 28. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by blood type
Figure LU 29. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by height
Figure LU 30. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan residence
Figure LU 31. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by distance from listing center
Figure LU 32. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant in 2015-2017, by DSA
Figure LU 33. Deaths within six months after removal among lung waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older, by diagnosis
Figure LU 34. Deaths within six months after removal among lung waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older, by age at removal

Deceased donation

Figure LU 35. Deceased lung donor count by age
Figure LU 36. Distribution of deceased lung donors by age
Figure LU 37. Distribution of deceased lung donors by race
Figure LU 38. Percent of pediatric lung donors allocated to adult recipients
Figure LU 39. Rates of lungs recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor age
Figure LU 40. Rates of lungs recovered for transplant and not transplanted, by donor risk of disease transmission
Figure LU 41. Lung donors with a smoking history of 20 pack-years or more
Figure LU 42. Cause of death among deceased lung donors

Transplant

Figure LU 43. Total lung transplants
Figure LU 44. Total lung transplants by age
Figure LU 45. Total lung transplants by sex
Figure LU 46. Total lung transplants by race
Figure LU 47. Total lung transplants by diagnosis group
Figure LU 48. Total lung transplants by LAS
Figure LU 49. Total lung transplants by CPRA
Figure LU 50. Median LAS at transplant
Figure LU 51. Median LAS at transplant by diagnosis group
Figure LU 52. Bilateral transplants among lung recipients aged 12 years or older by diagnosis
Figure LU 53. Induction agent use in lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older
Figure LU 54. Immunosuppression regimen use in transplant recipients aged 12 years or older
Figure LU 55. Total HLA A, B, and DR mismatches among deceased donor lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2013-2017
Figure LU 56. Annual adult lung transplant center volumes, by percentile
Figure LU 57. Distribution of adult lung transplants by annual center volume

Outcomes

Figure LU 58. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by age
Figure LU 59. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by race
Figure LU 60. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by LAS
Figure LU 61. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by transplant type
Figure LU 62. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by diagnosis group
Figure LU 63. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by diagnosis and transplant type
Figure LU 64. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan recipient residence
Figure LU 65. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by recipients' distance from transplant center
Figure LU 66. Patient death among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older
Figure LU 67. Recipients alive with a functioning lung graft on June 30 of the year, by age at transplant
Figure LU 68. Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by age, 2015-2016
Figure LU 69. Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by induction status, 2015-2016
Figure LU 70. Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by diagnosis group, 2015-2016
Figure LU 71. Incidence of PTLD among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2010-2014
Figure LU 72. One-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung recipients aged 12 years or older, 2015-2016
Figure LU 73. Five-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung recipients aged 12 years or older, 2011-2012

Pediatric transplant

Figure LU 74. New candidates aged 0-11 years added to the lung transplant waiting list
Figure LU 75. Candidates aged 0-11 years waiting for lung transplant
Figure LU 76. Distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant, by age
Figure LU 77. Distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant by race
Figure LU 78. Distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant by sex
Figure LU 79. Distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant by waiting time
Figure LU 80. Three-year outcomes for newly listed candidates aged 0-11 years waiting for lung transplant, 2014
Figure LU 81. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 0-11 years, by age
Figure LU 82. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 0-11 years, by race
Figure LU 83. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 0-11 years waitlisted for lung transplant by age
Figure LU 84. Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatrics waitlisted for lung transplant by distance from listing center
Figure LU 85. Lung transplants, recipients aged 0-11 years by age
Figure LU 86. Number of centers performing pediatric and adult lung transplants by center's age mix
Figure LU 87. Induction agent use in lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years
Figure LU 88. Immunosuppression regimen use in transplant recipients aged 11 years or younger.
Figure LU 89. Total HLA A, B, and DR mismatches among deceased donor lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2013-2017
Figure LU 90. Incidence of PTLD among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2004-2014
Figure LU 91. Patient death among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years
Figure LU 92. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2012, by age
Figure LU 93. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2012, by diagnosis
Figure LU 94. One-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2007-2016
Figure LU 95. Five-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2007-2012

Table List

Waiting list

Table LU 1. Demographic characteristics of candidates aged 12 years or older on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2017
Table LU 2. Clinical characteristics of candidates aged 12 years or older on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2017
Table LU 3. Listing characteristics of candidates aged 12 years or older on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2017
Table LU 4. Lung transplant waitlist activity among candidates aged 12 years or older
Table LU 5. Removal reason among lung transplant candidats aged 12 years or older

Transplant

Table LU 6. Demographic characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2012 and 2017
Table LU 7. Clinical characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2012 and 2017
Table LU 8. Transplant characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2012 and 2017
Table LU 9. Donor-recipient serology matching among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2013-2017

Outcomes

Table LU 10. Posttransplant events among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older

Pediatric transplant

Table LU 11. Demographic characteristics of candidates aged 0-11 years on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2017
Table LU 12. Clinical characteristics of candidates aged 0-11 years on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2017
Table LU 13. Listing characteristics of candidates aged 0-11 years on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2017
Table LU 14. Lung transplant waitlist activity among candidates aged 0-11 years
Table LU 15. Removal reason among lung transplant candidates aged 0-11 years
Table LU 16. Demographic characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2007 and 2015-2017
Table LU 17. Clinical characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2007 and 2015-2017
Table LU 18. Transplant haracteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2007 and 2015-2017
Table LU 19. Donor-recipient serology matching among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2013-2017
Table LU 20. Posttransplant events among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years

A line plot for new candidates aged 12 years or older added to the lung transplant waiting list; the active category increases by 93.2% from 1479 candidates at 2006 to 2858 candidates at 2017; the inactive category decreases by 82.5% from 246 candidates at 2006 to 43 candidates at 2017; and the all category increases by 68.2% from 1725 candidates at 2006 to 2901 candidates at 2017.

Figure LU 1. New candidates aged 12 years or older added to the lung transplant waiting list
A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and subsequently relisted are considered new. Candidates concurrently listed at multiple centers are counted once. Active and inactive patients are included.


A line plot for candidates aged 12 years or older listed for lung transplant on december 31 of each year; the active category is 1036 candidates at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 1132 candidates at 2017; the inactive category decreases by 87.0% from 1749 candidates at 2006 to 228 candidates at 2017; and the all category decreases by 51.2% from 2785 candidates at 2006 to 1360 candidates at 2017.

Figure LU 2. Candidates aged 12 years or older listed for lung transplant on December 31 of each year
Candidates concurrently listed at multiple centers are counted once. Those with concurrent listings and active at any program are considered active.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by age; the 12 to 17 category decreases by 59.3% from 2.6 percent at 2006 to 1.1 percent at 2017; the 18 to 34 category decreases by 36.7% from 15.3 percent at 2006 to 9.7 percent at 2017; the 35 to 49 category decreases by 39.1% from 20.4 percent at 2006 to 12.4 percent at 2017; the 50 to 64 category decreases by 12.8% from 53.6 percent at 2006 to 46.7 percent at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 65 category increases by 271.5% from 8.1 percent at 2006 to 30.1 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 3. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by age
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by sex; the male category is 47.4 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 51.8 percent at 2017; and the female category is 52.6 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 48.2 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 4. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by sex
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Active and inactive patients are included.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by race; the white category is 84 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 77.2 percent at 2017; the black category increases by 20.6% from 8.9 percent at 2006 to 10.7 percent at 2017; the hispanic category increases by 60.4% from 5.4 percent at 2006 to 8.6 percent at 2017; the asian category increases by 164.8% from 1.1 percent at 2006 to 2.9 percent at 2017; and the other/unknown category is 0.7 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 0.7 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 5. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by race
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by diagnosis group; the a category decreases by 26.0% from 41.7 percent at 2006 to 30.9 percent at 2017; the b category decreases by 17.1% from 8 percent at 2006 to 6.7 percent at 2017; the c category decreases by 31.9% from 15.9 percent at 2006 to 10.8 percent at 2017; and the d category increases by 50.2% from 34.4 percent at 2006 to 51.6 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 6. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by diagnosis group
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by waiting time; the less than 31 days category increases by 41.1% from 21.5 percent at 2006 to 30.3 percent at 2017; the 31 to less than 90 days category increases by 25.4% from 17.5 percent at 2006 to 22 percent at 2017; the 3 to less than 6 months category increases by 22.3% from 12.8 percent at 2006 to 15.6 percent at 2017; the 6 to less than 12 months category is 13.2 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 14 percent at 2017; the 1 to less than 2 years category decreases by 19.6% from 12.8 percent at 2006 to 10.3 percent at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 2 years category decreases by 65.0% from 22.2 percent at 2006 to 7.8 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 7. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by waiting time
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Time on the waiting list is determined at the earlier of December 31 or removal from the waiting list. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by las at listing; the less than 30 category decreases by 87.5% from 5.4 percent at 2006 to 0.7 percent at 2017; the 30 to less than 35 category decreases by 28.2% from 51.4 percent at 2006 to 36.9 percent at 2017; the 35 to less than 40 category increases by 45.2% from 19.4 percent at 2006 to 28.2 percent at 2017; the 40 to less than 50 category increases by 71.2% from 11.2 percent at 2006 to 19.3 percent at 2017; the greater than or equal to 50 category increases by 106.1% from 7.3 percent at 2006 to 15 percent at 2017; and the no las category decreases by 100.0% from 5.2 percent at 2006 to 0 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 8. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by LAS at listing
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included. LAS, lung allocation score.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by height; the less than 160 cm category is 21.8 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 21.9 percent at 2017; the 160 to less than 168 category decreases by 10.7% from 33.5 percent at 2006 to 29.9 percent at 2017; the 168 to less than 175 category is 17.6 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 18 percent at 2017; the 175 to less than 183 category increases by 13.6% from 21.1 percent at 2006 to 24 percent at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 183 category is 5.9 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 6.1 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 9. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by height
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by blood type; the a category is 38.7 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 37.5 percent at 2017; the b category increases by 13.4% from 10.1 percent at 2006 to 11.4 percent at 2017; the ab category is 3.3 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 3.4 percent at 2017; and the o category is 48 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 47.7 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 10. Distribution of candidates aged 12 years or older actively waiting for lung transplant by blood type
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by age; the 12 to 17 category increases by 525.4% from 37.7 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 235.7 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 18 to 34 category increases by 359.4% from 39 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 179.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 35 to 49 category increases by 332.4% from 28.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 124.7 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 50 to 64 category increases by 184.2% from 56.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 159.5 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 65 category increases by 126.3% from 99.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 226 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017.

Figure LU 11. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by age
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of wait time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by race; the white category increases by 268.2% from 48.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 179.7 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the black category increases by 246.4% from 42.4 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 146.9 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the hispanic category increases by 309.5% from 39.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 160.2 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; and the other category increases by 349.6% from 33.9 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 152.6 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017.

Figure LU 12. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by race
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of wait time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by diagnosis group; the a category increases by 176.0% from 43 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 118.7 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the b category increases by 638.5% from 13.4 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 99.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the c category increases by 284.8% from 50.5 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 194.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the d category increases by 211.4% from 76.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 236.9 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; and the all category increases by 265.9% from 47.3 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 173.2 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017.

Figure LU 13. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by diagnosis group
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of wait time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by blood type; the a category increases by 293.0% from 51.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 203.5 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the b category increases by 252.6% from 48.5 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 171.2 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the ab category increases by 482.3% from 47.4 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 276 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; and the o category increases by 240.9% from 43.5 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 148.4 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017.

Figure LU 14. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by blood type
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of wait time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by height; the less than 160 cm category increases by 280.4% from 30.2 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 114.9 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 160 to less than 168 category increases by 218.5% from 44.2 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 140.9 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 168 to less than 175 category increases by 279.5% from 56.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 215.6 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 175 to less than 183 category increases by 306.5% from 64.7 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 263.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 183 category increases by 326.0% from 59.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 251.9 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017.

Figure LU 15. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by height
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of wait time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan residence; the metropolitan category increases by 272.6% from 47.3 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 176.4 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; and the non to metropolitan category increases by 233.1% from 48.5 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 161.6 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017.

Figure LU 16. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan residence
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of wait time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Urban/rural determination is made using the RUCA (Rural-Urban Commuting Area) designation of the candidate's permanent zip code. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by distance from listing center; the 0 to less than 50 nm category increases by 254.8% from 47.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 169.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 50 to less than 100 category increases by 305.5% from 46.4 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 188.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 100 to less than 150 category increases by 261.3% from 52.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 190.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 150 to less than 250 category increases by 185.1% from 55.3 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 157.5 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 250 category increases by 340.1% from 38.4 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 168.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017.

Figure LU 17. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older by distance from listing center
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of wait time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Distance is nautical miles (NM) between the zip code centroids of the candidate's listing center and candidate's permanent zip code. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for three-year outcomes for candidates aged 12 years or older waiting for lung transplant, new listings in 2014; the still waiting category decreases by 97.1% from 99.9 percent at 0 Months postlisting to 2.9 percent at 36 Months postlisting; the removed from list category increases by 23200.0% from 0 percent at 0 Months postlisting to 9.3 percent at 36 Months postlisting; the died category is 0 percent at 0 Months postlisting and is percent at 36 Months postlisting; and the dd transplant category increases by 196200.0% from 0 percent at 0 Months postlisting to 78.1 percent at 36 Months postlisting.

Figure LU 18. Three-year outcomes for candidates aged 12 years or older waiting for lung transplant, new listings in 2014
Candidates aged 12 years or older waiting for lung transplant and first listed in 2014. Candidates concurrently listed at more than one center are counted once, from the time of earliest listing to the time of latest removal. DD, deceased donor.


A line plot for median months to lung transplant for waitlisted candidates aged 12 years or older, by diagnosis group; the a category decreases by 32.0% from 5.9 months at 2007 to 4 months at 2017; the b category decreases by 56.5% from 11.7 months at 2007 to 5.1 months at 2017; the c category decreases by 63.4% from 5.7 months at 2007 to 2.1 months at 2017; the d category decreases by 37.0% from 3 months at 2007 to 1.9 months at 2017; and the all category decreases by 45.7% from 4.6 months at 2007 to 2.5 months at 2017.

Figure LU 19. Median months to lung transplant for waitlisted candidates aged 12 years or older, by diagnosis group
Observations censored on December 31, 2017; Kaplan-Meier competing risk methods used to estimate time to transplant. Analysis performed per candidate, not per listing. If an estimate is not plotted, 50% of the cohort listed in that year had not undergone transplant by the censoring date. Only the first transplant is counted.


A line plot for percentage of candidates aged 12 years or older who underwent deceased donor lung transplant within a given time period of listing; the 3 to month category increases by 24.0% from 43 percent at 2006 to 53.4 percent at 2016; the 6 to month category increases by 20.6% from 54.8 percent at 2006 to 66 percent at 2016; the 1 to year category increases by 17.8% from 64 percent at 2006 to 75.4 percent at 2016; the 3 to year category is 72.8 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 76 percent at 2014; the 5 to year category is 74.3 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 75.3 percent at 2012; and the 10 to year category is 75.1 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 74.5 percent at 2007.

Figure LU 20. Percentage of candidates aged 12 years or older who underwent deceased donor lung transplant within a given time period of listing
Candidates concurrently listed at more than one center are counted once, from the time of earliest listing to the time of latest removal.


A map of percentage of candidates aged 12 years or older who underwent deceased donor lung transplant within 1 year of listing in 2016 by dsa, the values range from 18.75 to 96.49.

Figure LU 21. Percentage of candidates aged 12 years or older who underwent deceased donor lung transplant within 1 year of listing in 2016 by DSA
Candidates listed concurrently in a single DSA are counted once in that DSA, from the time of earliest listing to the time of latest removal; candidates listed in multiple DSAs are counted separately per DSA.


A map of percentage of candidates aged 12 years or older who underwent deceased donor lung transplant within 1 year of listing in 2016 by state, the values range from 50.00 to 100.00.

Figure LU 22. Percentage of candidates aged 12 years or older who underwent deceased donor lung transplant within 1 year of listing in 2016 by state
Candidates concurrently listed at more than one center are counted once, from the time of earliest listing to the time of latest removal.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by age; the 12 to 17 category is 21 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 19.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the 18 to 34 category is 12.9 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 13.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the 35 to 49 category increases by 47.5% from 9 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 13.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the 50 to 64 category increases by 17.2% from 14.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 16.7 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; and the greater than or equal to 65 category is 20.9 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 22.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 23. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by age
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by race; the white category increases by 35.6% from 12.5 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 17 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the black category increases by 30.3% from 13.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 17.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the hispanic category decreases by 13.2% from 21.9 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 19 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the other category increases by 92.4% from 8.7 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 16.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; and the all category increases by 31.9% from 13 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 17.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 24. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by race
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by sex; the male category increases by 44.8% from 14.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 20.5 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; and the female category increases by 22.4% from 12.3 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 15.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 25. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by sex
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by diagnosis group; the a category increases by 45.6% from 8.3 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 12.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the b category increases by 34.5% from 10.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 14 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the c category is 12.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 11.6 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; and the d category increases by 12.8% from 22.6 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 25.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 26. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by diagnosis group
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by las; the less than 30 category increases by 83.2% from 8.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 16.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the 30 to less than 35 category is 8.9 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 9.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the 35 to less than 40 category decreases by 34.3% from 22.6 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 14.9 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the 40 to less than 50 category decreases by 48.4% from 47.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 24.3 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; and the greater than or equal to 50 category decreases by 73.6% from 223.7 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 59.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 27. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by LAS
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by blood type; the a category increases by 35.3% from 12.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 16.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the b category increases by 74.4% from 11.6 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 20.3 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the ab category increases by 17.6% from 14.3 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 16.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; and the o category increases by 22.3% from 13.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 16.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 28. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by blood type
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by height; the less than 160 cm category is 15.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 16.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the 160 to less than 168 category increases by 33.8% from 11.6 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 15.6 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the 168 to less than 175 category increases by 39.1% from 12.6 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 17.5 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the 175 to less than 183 category increases by 52.2% from 13 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 19.7 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; and the greater than or equal to 183 category increases by 65.7% from 12.6 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 20.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 29. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by height
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan residence; the metropolitan category increases by 30.5% from 13.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 17.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016; and the non to metropolitan category increases by 40.2% from 12.6 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 17.7 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016.

Figure LU 30. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan residence
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown. Urban/rural determination is made using the RUCA (Rural-Urban Commuting Area) designation of the candidate's permanent zip code.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by distance from listing center; the 0 to less than 50 nm category increases by 38.5% from 13.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 18.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016; the 50 to less than 100 category increases by 41.3% from 12.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 17.3 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016; the 100 to less than 150 category increases by 26.0% from 12.9 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 16.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016; the 150 to less than 250 category is 15.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 15.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016; and the greater than or equal to 250 category increases by 31.4% from 12.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 16.3 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016.

Figure LU 31. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant by distance from listing center
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown. Distance is nautical miles (NM) between the zip code centroids of the candidate's listing center and candidate's permanent zip code.


A map of pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant in 2015-2017, by dsa, the values range from 4.50 to 44.43.

Figure LU 32. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 12 years or older waitlisted for lung transplant in 2015-2017, by DSA
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the DSA. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure are not shown.


A line plot for deaths within six months after removal among lung waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older, by diagnosis; the a category increases by 15.3% from 10.2 percent at 2006 to 11.8 percent at 2017; the b category increases by 374.7% from 6.4 percent at 2006 to 30.3 percent at 2017; the c category decreases by 68.5% from 24.4 percent at 2006 to 7.7 percent at 2017; and the d category increases by 109.1% from 22.4 percent at 2006 to 46.9 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 33. Deaths within six months after removal among lung waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older, by diagnosis
Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list.


A line plot for deaths within six months after removal among lung waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older, by age at removal; the all category increases by 122.6% from 14.4 percent at 2006 to 32 percent at 2017; the 0 to 17 category decreases by 100.0% from 23.8 percent at 2006 to 0 percent at 2017; the 18 to 34 category decreases by 43.8% from 17.8 percent at 2006 to 10 percent at 2017; the 35 to 49 category increases by 364.4% from 6.8 percent at 2006 to 31.4 percent at 2017; the 50 to 64 category increases by 103.5% from 15 percent at 2006 to 30.6 percent at 2017; and the 65+ category increases by 53.9% from 28.2 percent at 2006 to 43.4 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 34. Deaths within six months after removal among lung waitlist candidates aged 12 years or older, by age at removal
Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list.


A line plot for deceased lung donor count by age; the less than 12 category decreases by 33.3% from 39 count at 2006 to 26 count at 2017; the 12 to 17 category is 162 count at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 170 count at 2017; the 18 to 34 category increases by 101.8% from 548 count at 2006 to 1106 count at 2017; the 35 to 49 category increases by 93.0% from 342 count at 2006 to 660 count at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 50 category increases by 109.3% from 225 count at 2006 to 471 count at 2017.

Figure LU 35. Deceased lung donor count by age
Count of deceased donors with at least one lung recovered for transplant, by age at donation. Donors are counted once, regardless of number of lungs recovered.


A line plot for distribution of deceased lung donors by age; the less than 12 category decreases by 64.2% from 3 percent at 2006 to 1.1 percent at 2017; the 12 to 17 category decreases by 41.4% from 12.3 percent at 2006 to 7.2 percent at 2017; the 18 to 34 category is 41.6 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 45.7 percent at 2017; the 35 to 49 category is 25.9 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 26.7 percent at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 50 category increases by 12.3% from 17.1 percent at 2006 to 19.3 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 36. Distribution of deceased lung donors by age
Deceased donors with at least one lung recovered for transplant. Donors who donated more than one lung are counted once.


A line plot for distribution of deceased lung donors by race; the white category is 64.3 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 60.7 percent at 2017; the black category is 17.5 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 18.6 percent at 2017; the hispanic category is 14.9 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 15.9 percent at 2017; and the other/unknown category increases by 42.6% from 3.4 percent at 2006 to 4.8 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 37. Distribution of deceased lung donors by race
Deceased donors with at least one lung recovered for transplant. Donors who donated more than one lung are counted once.


A map of percent of pediatric lung donors allocated to adult recipients, the values range from 0.00 to 1.00.

Figure LU 38. Percent of pediatric lung donors allocated to adult recipients
Numerator: pediatric lung and heart-lung donors allocated to adult recipients. Denominator: total pediatric lung and heart-lung donors


A line plot for rates of lungs recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor age; the 12 to 17 category decreases by 18.2% from 5.5 percent at 2006-2007 to 4.5 percent at 2016-2017; the 18 to 34 category increases by 25.6% from 4.8 percent at 2006-2007 to 6 percent at 2016-2017; the 35 to 49 category increases by 53.6% from 4.9 percent at 2006-2007 to 7.6 percent at 2016-2017; and the greater than or equal to 50 category increases by 58.3% from 4.4 percent at 2006-2007 to 6.9 percent at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 39. Rates of lungs recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor age
Percentages of lungs not transplanted out of all lungs recovered for transplant. Lungs recovered en-bloc are counted once, and lungs recovered separately are counted twice.


A line plot for rates of lungs recovered for transplant and not transplanted, by donor risk of disease transmission; the phs increased risk category increases by 337.5% from 1.6 percent at 2006-2007 to 6.9 percent at 2016-2017; and the not increased risk category increases by 24.9% from 5.1 percent at 2006-2007 to 6.3 percent at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 40. Rates of lungs recovered for transplant and not transplanted, by donor risk of disease transmission
"Increased risk" is defined by criteria from the US Public Health Service Guidelines for increased risk for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C transmission.


A line plot for lung donors with a smoking history of 20 pack-years or more; the percent category decreases by 53.8% from 16.1 percent at 2006 to 7.4 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 41. Lung donors with a smoking history of 20 pack-years or more
All deceased donors whose lungs were transplanted in the given year.


A line plot for cause of death among deceased lung donors; the anoxia category increases by 214.6% from 9.7 percent at 2006 to 30.6 percent at 2017; the cva/stroke category decreases by 22.7% from 35.2 percent at 2006 to 27.2 percent at 2017; the head trauma category decreases by 24.2% from 52.5 percent at 2006 to 39.8 percent at 2017; the cns tumor category decreases by 44.0% from 0.8 percent at 2006 to 0.5 percent at 2017; and the other category is 1.7 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 1.8 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 42. Cause of death among deceased lung donors
Deceased donors whose lungs were transplanted. Each donor is counted once. CNS, central nervous system; CVA, cerebrovascular accident.


A line plot for total lung transplants; the single category increases by 21.7% from 508 transplants at 2006 to 618 transplants at 2017; the bilateral category increases by 100.4% from 928 transplants at 2006 to 1860 transplants at 2017; and the all category increases by 72.6% from 1436 transplants at 2006 to 2478 transplants at 2017.

Figure LU 43. Total lung transplants
All lung transplant recipients, including adult and pediatric, retransplant, and multi-organ recipients.


A line plot for total lung transplants by age; the less than 12 category decreases by 55.2% from 29 transplants at 2006 to 13 transplants at 2017; the 12 to 17 category is 33 transplants at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 32 transplants at 2017; the 18 to 34 category increases by 30.2% from 189 transplants at 2006 to 246 transplants at 2017; the 35 to 49 category increases by 11.6% from 242 transplants at 2006 to 270 transplants at 2017; the 50 to 64 category increases by 40.8% from 779 transplants at 2006 to 1097 transplants at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 65 category increases by 400.0% from 164 transplants at 2006 to 820 transplants at 2017.

Figure LU 44. Total lung transplants by age
All lung transplant recipients, including adult and pediatric, retransplant, and multi-organ recipients.


A line plot for total lung transplants by sex; the male category increases by 81.4% from 801 transplants at 2006 to 1453 transplants at 2017; and the female category increases by 61.4% from 635 transplants at 2006 to 1025 transplants at 2017.

Figure LU 45. Total lung transplants by sex
All lung transplant recipients, including adult and pediatric, retransplant, and multi-organ recipients.


A line plot for total lung transplants by race; the white category increases by 60.1% from 1217 transplants at 2006 to 1949 transplants at 2017; the black category increases by 96.0% from 124 transplants at 2006 to 243 transplants at 2017; the hispanic category increases by 207.6% from 66 transplants at 2006 to 203 transplants at 2017; the asian category increases by 273.7% from 19 transplants at 2006 to 71 transplants at 2017; and the other/unknown category increases by 20.0% from 10 transplants at 2006 to 12 transplants at 2017.

Figure LU 46. Total lung transplants by race
All lung transplant recipients, including adult and pediatric, retransplant, and multi-organ recipients.


A line plot for total lung transplants by diagnosis group; the a category increases by 26.7% from 528 transplants at 2006 to 669 transplants at 2017; the b category increases by 64.9% from 77 transplants at 2006 to 127 transplants at 2017; the c category increases by 17.2% from 227 transplants at 2006 to 266 transplants at 2017; the d category increases by 134.4% from 604 transplants at 2006 to 1416 transplants at 2017; and the other/unknown category is 0 transplants at 2006 and is transplants at 2017.

Figure LU 47. Total lung transplants by diagnosis group
All lung transplant recipients, including adult and pediatric, retransplant, and multi-organ recipients.


A line plot for total lung transplants by las; the less than 35 category increases by 12.0% from 560 transplants at 2006 to 627 transplants at 2017; the 35 to less than 40 category increases by 53.0% from 370 transplants at 2006 to 566 transplants at 2017; the 40 to less than 50 category increases by 112.4% from 282 transplants at 2006 to 599 transplants at 2017; the 50 to less than 60 category increases by 154.4% from 79 transplants at 2006 to 201 transplants at 2017; and the 60 to 100 category increases by 306.0% from 116 transplants at 2006 to 471 transplants at 2017.

Figure LU 48. Total lung transplants by LAS
All lung transplant recipients, including adult and pediatric, retransplant, and multi-organ recipients.


A line plot for total lung transplants by cpra; the less than 1% category increases by 33.6% from 970 transplants at 2006 to 1296 transplants at 2017; the 1 to less than 20% category increases by 14.8% from 237 transplants at 2006 to 272 transplants at 2017; the 20 to less than 80% category increases by 258.9% from 73 transplants at 2006 to 262 transplants at 2017; the 80 to 100% category increases by 800.0% from 7 transplants at 2006 to 63 transplants at 2017; and the unknown category increases by 292.6% from 149 transplants at 2006 to 585 transplants at 2017.

Figure LU 49. Total lung transplants by CPRA
All lung transplant recipients, including adult and pediatric, retransplant, and multi-organ recipients.


A line plot for median las at transplant; the 75th percentile category is 47.5 las at 2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 51.7 las at 2017; the median las category is 38.9 las at 2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 40.3 las at 2017; and the 25th percentile category is 34.4 las at 2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 34.8 las at 2017.

Figure LU 50. Median LAS at transplant
Recipients aged 12 years or older; last LAS before transplant.


A line plot for median las at transplant by diagnosis group; the a category is 33.6 las at 2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 33.5 las at 2017; the b category increases by 20.5% from 36.6 las at 2007 to 44.1 las at 2017; the c category increases by 12.1% from 38.8 las at 2007 to 43.5 las at 2017; and the d category is 45.1 las at 2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 43.8 las at 2017.

Figure LU 51. Median LAS at transplant by diagnosis group
Recipients aged 12 years or older; last LAS before transplant.


A line plot for bilateral transplants among lung recipients aged 12 years or older by diagnosis; the alpha to 1 category increases by 37.6% from 63.3 percent at 2006 to 87 percent at 2017; the copd category increases by 33.1% from 52.6 percent at 2006 to 69.9 percent at 2017; the ipf category increases by 34.2% from 46 percent at 2006 to 61.7 percent at 2017; and the other category is 85.6 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 87.6 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 52. Bilateral transplants among lung recipients aged 12 years or older by diagnosis
Heart-lung transplants are excluded. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.


A line plot for induction agent use in lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older; the il2 to ra category increases by 79.5% from 39.3 percent at 2006 to 70.5 percent at 2017; the t to cell depleting category decreases by 49.7% from 17.5 percent at 2006 to 8.8 percent at 2017; and the none category decreases by 51.4% from 43.8 percent at 2006 to 21.3 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 53. Induction agent use in lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older
Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN. IL2-RA, interleukin-2 receptor antagonist.


A line plot for immunosuppression regimen use in transplant recipients aged 12 years or older; the tac mmf steroid category increases by 36.7% from 63.4 percent at 2006-2007 to 86.7 percent at 2016-2017; the tac mmf category is 0 percent at 2006-2007 and is percent at 2016-2017; the tac steroid category decreases by 100.0% from 2.4 percent at 2006-2007 to 0 percent at 2016-2017; the other category decreases by 79.0% from 31.7 percent at 2006-2007 to 6.7 percent at 2016-2017; and the none reported category decreases by 100.0% from 2.4 percent at 2006-2007 to 0 percent at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 54. Immunosuppression regimen use in transplant recipients aged 12 years or older
Immunosuppression regimen at transplant reported to the OPTN. Tac, tacrolimus. MMF, mycophenolate mofetil.


A bar plot for total hla a, b, and dr mismatches among deceased donor lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2013-2017, the 0 group is 0.08 percent; the 1 group is 0.50 percent; the 2 group is 3.03 percent; the 3 group is 10.97 percent; the 4 group is 24.15 percent; the 5 group is 33.58 percent; the 6 group is 20.62 percent; and the unk. group is 7.06 percent.

Figure LU 55. Total HLA A, B, and DR mismatches among deceased donor lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2013-2017
Donor and recipient antigen matching is based on OPTN antigen values and split equivalences policy as of 2016.


A line plot for annual adult lung transplant center volumes, by percentile; the 5th category increases by 150.0% from 2 transplants per center at 2006 to 5 transplants per center at 2017; the 25th category increases by 88.9% from 9 transplants per center at 2006 to 17 transplants per center at 2017; the median category increases by 62.5% from 16 transplants per center at 2006 to 26 transplants per center at 2017; the 75th category increases by 58.8% from 34 transplants per center at 2006 to 54 transplants per center at 2017; and the 95th category increases by 51.6% from 62 transplants per center at 2006 to 94 transplants per center at 2017.

Figure LU 56. Annual adult lung transplant center volumes, by percentile
Annual volume data are limited to recipients aged 18 or older.


A line plot for distribution of adult lung transplants by annual center volume; the 1 to 10 category decreases by 65.6% from 6.7 percent of transplants at 2006 to 2.3 percent of transplants at 2017; the 11 to 40 category decreases by 36.2% from 50.5 percent of transplants at 2006 to 32.2 percent of transplants at 2017; the 41 to 100 category increases by 17.7% from 42.8 percent of transplants at 2006 to 50.4 percent of transplants at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 101 category is 0 percent of transplants at 2006 and is percent of transplants at 2017.

Figure LU 57. Distribution of adult lung transplants by annual center volume
Based on annual volume data among recipients aged 18 or older.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by age; the 12 to 17 category decreases by 54.1% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 45.9 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the 18 to 34 category decreases by 42.6% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 57.4 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the 35 to 49 category decreases by 31.6% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 68.4 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the 50 to 64 category decreases by 41.3% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 58.7 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the greater than or equal to 65 category decreases by 54.5% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 45.5 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; and the all category decreases by 43.9% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 56.1 percent at 60 Months posttransplant.

Figure LU 58. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by age
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. For recipients of more than one transplant during the period, only the first is considered.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by race; the white category decreases by 44.3% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 55.7 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the black category decreases by 42.1% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 57.9 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the hispanic category decreases by 43.0% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 57 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the asian category decreases by 33.7% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 66.3 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; and the other/unknown category decreases by 45.2% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 54.8 percent at 60 Months posttransplant.

Figure LU 59. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by race
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. For recipients of more than one transplant during the period, only the first is considered.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by las; the less than 35 category decreases by 42.4% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 57.6 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the 35 to less than 40 category decreases by 42.1% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 57.9 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the 40 to less than 50 category decreases by 43.5% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 56.5 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the 50 to less than 60 category decreases by 45.7% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 54.3 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; and the greater than or equal to 60 category decreases by 47.9% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 52.1 percent at 60 Months posttransplant.

Figure LU 60. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by LAS
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. For recipients of more than one transplant during the period, only the first is considered.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by transplant type; the single left category decreases by 51.2% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 48.8 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the single right category decreases by 50.6% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 49.4 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; and the bilateral category decreases by 40.9% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 59.1 percent at 60 Months posttransplant.

Figure LU 61. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by transplant type
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. For recipients of more than one transplant during the period, only the first is considered.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by diagnosis group; the a category decreases by 42.1% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 57.9 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the b category decreases by 45.7% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 54.3 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the c category decreases by 38.4% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 61.6 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; and the d category decreases by 46.1% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 53.9 percent at 60 Months posttransplant.

Figure LU 62. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by diagnosis group
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. For recipients of more than one transplant during the period, only the first is considered.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by diagnosis and transplant type; the alpha to 1 single category decreases by 38.1% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 61.9 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the alpha to 1 bilateral category decreases by 38.2% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 61.8 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the ipf single category decreases by 52.6% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 47.4 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the ipf bilateral category decreases by 41.8% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 58.2 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the copd single category decreases by 47.7% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 52.3 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; and the copd bilateral category decreases by 40.3% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 59.7 percent at 60 Months posttransplant.

Figure LU 63. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by diagnosis and transplant type
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. For recipients of more than one transplant during the period, only the first is considered. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan recipient residence; the metropolitan category decreases by 44.0% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 56 percent at 60 Months posttransplant; and the non to metropolitan category decreases by 43.9% from 100 percent at 0 Months posttransplant to 56.1 percent at 60 Months posttransplant.

Figure LU 64. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan recipient residence
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. For recipients of more than one transplant during the period, only the first is considered.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by recipients

Figure LU 65. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2010-2012, by recipients' distance from transplant center
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. For recipients of more than one transplant during the period, only the first is considered. Distance is between the zipcode centroids of the TX center and the recipient's permanent residence, measured in nautical miles (NM).


A line plot for patient death among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older; the 6 to month category decreases by 63.5% from 17.1 percent at 2000 to 6.2 percent at 2016; the 1 to year category decreases by 57.2% from 24.3 percent at 2000 to 10.4 percent at 2016; the 3 to year category decreases by 28.4% from 39.8 percent at 2000 to 28.5 percent at 2014; the 5 to year category decreases by 20.9% from 52.1 percent at 2000 to 41.2 percent at 2012; and the 10 to year category is 73.5 percent at 2000 and remains relatively constant with a value of 69.6 percent at 2007.

Figure LU 66. Patient death among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older
All recipients aged 12 years or older of deceased donor lungs, including multi-organ transplants. Patients are followed until the earlier of death or December 31, 2016. Estimates computed with Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and race.


A line plot for recipients alive with a functioning lung graft on june 30 of the year, by age at transplant; the less than 18 category increases by 20.7% from 0.3 patients (in thousands) at 2006 to 0.4 patients (in thousands) at 2017; the 18 to 49 category increases by 51.9% from 2.7 patients (in thousands) at 2006 to 4.1 patients (in thousands) at 2017; the greater than or equal to 50 category increases by 151.7% from 3.8 patients (in thousands) at 2006 to 9.5 patients (in thousands) at 2017; and the all category increases by 105.8% from 6.8 patients (in thousands) at 2006 to 14 patients (in thousands) at 2017.

Figure LU 67. Recipients alive with a functioning lung graft on June 30 of the year, by age at transplant
Recipients are assumed to be alive with function unless a death or graft failure is recorded. A recipient may experience a graft failure and be removed from the cohort, undergo retransplant, and re-enter the cohort.


A bar plot for incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by age, 2015-2016, the 12-17 group is 6.00 percent; the 18-34 group is 20.22 percent; the 35-49 group is 20.04 percent; the 50-64 group is 15.54 percent; the >= 65 group is 15.68 percent; and the all group is 16.49 percent.

Figure LU 68. Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by age, 2015-2016
Acute rejection is defined as a record of acute or hyperacute rejection, as reported on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration or Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form. Only the first rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier competing risk method.


A bar plot for incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by induction status, 2015-2016, the il2-ra group is 17.31 percent; the tcd group is 15.74 percent; and the no agents group is 15.13 percent.

Figure LU 69. Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by induction status, 2015-2016
Acute rejection is defined as a record of acute or hyperacute rejection, as reported on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration or Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form. Only the first rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier competing risk method. If a recipient used both IL-2-RA and TCD agents, s/he will contribute to both of those cumulative incidence estimates.


A bar plot for incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by diagnosis group, 2015-2016, the a group is 13.59 percent; the b group is 17.68 percent; the c group is 17.75 percent; and the d group is 17.53 percent.

Figure LU 70. Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by diagnosis group, 2015-2016
Acute rejection is defined as a record of acute or hyperacute rejection, as reported on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration or Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form. Only the first rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier competing risk method.


A line plot for incidence of ptld among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by recipient ebv status at transplant, 2010-2014; the ebv to category is 0 percent at 0 Months posttransplant and is percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the ebv+ category is 0 percent at 0 Months posttransplant and is percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the ebv unknown category is 0 percent at 0 Months posttransplant and is percent at 60 Months posttransplant; and the all category is 0 percent at 0 Months posttransplant and is percent at 60 Months posttransplant.

Figure LU 71. Incidence of PTLD among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2010-2014
Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier competing risk method. PTLD is identified as a reported complication or cause of death on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form or the Posttransplant Malignancy Form as polymorphic PTLD, monomorphic PTLD, or Hodgkin disease. Only the earliest date of PTLD diagnosis is considered. EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; PTLD, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.


A line plot for one-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung recipients aged 12 years or older, 2015-2016; the graft failure category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant; the infection category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant; the cardio/cerebrovascular category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant; the malignancy category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant; and the respiratory category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant.

Figure LU 72. One-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung recipients aged 12 years or older, 2015-2016
Primary cause of death is as reported on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration and Follow-up Forms. Other causes of death include hemorrhage, trauma, nonadherence, unspecified other, unknown, etc. Cumulative incidence is estimated using Kaplan-Meier competing risk methods.


A line plot for five-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung recipients aged 12 years or older, 2011-2012; the graft failure category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5; the infection category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5; the cardio/cerebrovascular category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5; the malignancy category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5; and the respiratory category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5.

Figure LU 73. Five-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung recipients aged 12 years or older, 2011-2012
Primary cause of death is as reported on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration and Follow-up Forms. Other causes of death include hemorrhage, trauma, nonadherence, unspecified other, unknown, etc. Cumulative incidence is estimated using Kaplan-Meier competing risk methods.


A line plot for new candidates aged 0-11 years added to the lung transplant waiting list; the active category decreases by 32.4% from 37 candidates at 2006 to 25 candidates at 2017; the inactive category increases by 66.7% from 3 candidates at 2006 to 5 candidates at 2017; and the all category decreases by 25.0% from 40 candidates at 2006 to 30 candidates at 2017.

Figure LU 74. New candidates aged 0-11 years added to the lung transplant waiting list
Candidates concurrently listed at multiple centers are counted once. Candidates who are active at at least one program are considered active; otherwise they are inactive. A new patient is one who first joined the list during the given year without ever listing in a prior year, or one who listed and underwent transplant in a prior year and relisted in the given year. Patients on the list on December 31 were aged 0-11 years at listing.


A line plot for candidates aged 0-11 years waiting for lung transplant; the active category decreases by 54.8% from 31 candidates at 2006 to 14 candidates at 2017; the inactive category decreases by 86.2% from 80 candidates at 2006 to 11 candidates at 2017; and the all category decreases by 77.5% from 111 candidates at 2006 to 25 candidates at 2017.

Figure LU 75. Candidates aged 0-11 years waiting for lung transplant
Candidates concurrently listed at multiple centers are counted once. Those with concurrent listings and active at any program are considered active.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant, by age; the less than 1 category increases by 129.5% from 7.9 percent at 2006 to 18.2 percent at 2017; the 1 to 5 category decreases by 11.7% from 25.7 percent at 2006 to 22.7 percent at 2017; and the 6 to 11 category decreases by 10.9% from 66.3 percent at 2006 to 59.1 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 76. Distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant, by age
Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant by race; the white category decreases by 13.1% from 65.3 percent at 2006 to 56.8 percent at 2017; the black category increases by 14.8% from 9.9 percent at 2006 to 11.4 percent at 2017; the hispanic category increases by 47.6% from 13.9 percent at 2006 to 20.5 percent at 2017; the asian category is 6.9 percent at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 6.8 percent at 2017; and the other/unknown category increases by 14.8% from 4 percent at 2006 to 4.5 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 77. Distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant by race
Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant by sex; the male category increases by 12.4% from 48.5 percent at 2006 to 54.5 percent at 2017; and the female category decreases by 11.7% from 51.5 percent at 2006 to 45.5 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 78. Distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant by sex
Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant by waiting time; the less than 31 days category decreases by 36.2% from 17.8 percent at 2006 to 11.4 percent at 2017; the 31 to less than 90 days category increases by 257.1% from 8.9 percent at 2006 to 31.8 percent at 2017; the 3 to less than 6 months category increases by 129.5% from 8.9 percent at 2006 to 20.5 percent at 2017; the 6 to less than 12 months category increases by 14.8% from 9.9 percent at 2006 to 11.4 percent at 2017; the 1 to less than 2 years category decreases by 19.7% from 19.8 percent at 2006 to 15.9 percent at 2017; and the greater than or equal to 2 years category decreases by 73.8% from 34.7 percent at 2006 to 9.1 percent at 2017.

Figure LU 79. Distribution of candidates aged 0-11 years actively waiting for lung transplant by waiting time
Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed concurrently at multiple centers are counted once. Time on the waiting list is determined at the earlier of December 31 or removal from the waiting list. Only candidates who were active for at least 1 day are included.


A line plot for three-year outcomes for newly listed candidates aged 0-11 years waiting for lung transplant, 2014; the still waiting category decreases by 100.0% from 100 percent at 0 Months postlisting to 0 percent at 36 Months postlisting; the removed from list category is 0 percent at 0 Months postlisting and is percent at 36 Months postlisting; the died category is 0 percent at 0 Months postlisting and is percent at 36 Months postlisting; and the dd transplant category is 0 percent at 0 Months postlisting and is percent at 36 Months postlisting.

Figure LU 80. Three-year outcomes for newly listed candidates aged 0-11 years waiting for lung transplant, 2014
Candidates aged 0-11 who joined the waitlist in 2014. Candidates concurrently listed at more than one center are counted once, from the time of earliest listing to the time of latest removal. DD, deceased donor.


A line plot for deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 0-11 years, by age; the less than 6 category increases by 14.6% from 72.5 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 83.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; the 6 to 11 category increases by 228.2% from 18 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 59.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; and the overall category increases by 149.7% from 27.4 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 68.3 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017.

Figure LU 81. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 0-11 years, by age
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 0-11 years, by race; the white category increases by 110.3% from 25 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 52.5 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017; and the non to white category increases by 216.8% from 32.8 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 104.1 transplants per 100 waitlist years at 2017.

Figure LU 82. Deceased donor lung transplant rates among waitlist candidates aged 0-11 years, by race
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 0-11 years waitlisted for lung transplant by age; the overall category is 11.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 10.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; the less than 6 category decreases by 15.7% from 28.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 to 24.2 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017; and the 6 to 11 category is 6.8 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006-2007 and remains relatively constant with a value of 6.3 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 83. Pretransplant mortality rates among candidates aged 0-11 years waitlisted for lung transplant by age
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown.


A line plot for pretransplant mortality rates among pediatrics waitlisted for lung transplant by distance from listing center; the 0 to less than 100 nm category decreases by 13.5% from 14 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006 to 12.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016; and the greater than or equal to 100 category is 9.1 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2006 and remains relatively constant with a value of 8.4 deaths per 100 waitlist years at 2016.

Figure LU 84. Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatrics waitlisted for lung transplant by distance from listing center
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Rates with less than 10 patient-years of exposure or fewer than 20 candidates at risk are not shown. Distance is between the zipcode centroids of the TX center and the recipient's permanent residence, measured in nautical miles (NM).


A line plot for lung transplants, recipients aged 0-11 years by age; the less than 1 category decreases by 57.1% from 7 transplants at 2006 to 3 transplants at 2017; the 1 to 5 category decreases by 42.9% from 7 transplants at 2006 to 4 transplants at 2017; the 6 to 11 category decreases by 60.0% from 15 transplants at 2006 to 6 transplants at 2017; and the all category decreases by 55.2% from 29 transplants at 2006 to 13 transplants at 2017.

Figure LU 85. Lung transplants, recipients aged 0-11 years by age
All lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, including retransplant, and multi-organ recipients.


A line plot for number of centers performing pediatric and adult lung transplants by center

Figure LU 86. Number of centers performing pediatric and adult lung transplants by center's age mix
Adult centers transplanted only recipients aged 18 years or older. Functionally adult centers transplant 80% adults or more, and the remainder were children aged 15-17 years. Mixed included adults and children of any age groups. Child only centers transplanted recipeints aged 0-17 years, and small number of adults up to age 21 years.


A line plot for induction agent use in lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years; the il2 to ra category decreases by 19.0% from 38.3 percent at 2006-2007 to 31 percent at 2016-2017; the t to cell depleting category increases by 188.1% from 19.1 percent at 2006-2007 to 55.2 percent at 2016-2017; and the none category decreases by 59.5% from 42.6 percent at 2006-2007 to 17.2 percent at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 87. Induction agent use in lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years
Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN. IL2-RA, interleukin-2 receptor antagonist.


A line plot for immunosuppression regimen use in transplant recipients aged 11 years or younger.; the tac mmf steroid category increases by 36.7% from 63.4 percent at 2006-2007 to 86.7 percent at 2016-2017; the tac mmf category is 0 percent at 2006-2007 and is percent at 2016-2017; the tac steroid category decreases by 100.0% from 2.4 percent at 2006-2007 to 0 percent at 2016-2017; the other category decreases by 79.0% from 31.7 percent at 2006-2007 to 6.7 percent at 2016-2017; and the none reported category decreases by 100.0% from 2.4 percent at 2006-2007 to 0 percent at 2016-2017.

Figure LU 88. Immunosuppression regimen use in transplant recipients aged 11 years or younger.
Immunosuppression regimen at transplant reported to the OPTN. Tac, tacrolimus. MMF, mycophenolate mofetil.


A bar plot for total hla a, b, and dr mismatches among deceased donor lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2013-2017, the 0 group is 0.00 percent; the 1 group is 0.00 percent; the 2 group is 1.08 percent; the 3 group is 4.30 percent; the 4 group is 15.05 percent; the 5 group is 22.58 percent; the 6 group is 18.28 percent; and the unk. group is 38.71 percent.

Figure LU 89. Total HLA A, B, and DR mismatches among deceased donor lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2013-2017
Donor and recipient antigen matching is based on OPTN antigen values and split equivalences policy as of 2016.


A line plot for incidence of ptld among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years by recipient ebv status at transplant, 2004-2014; the ebv to category is 0 percent at 0 Months posttransplant and is percent at 60 Months posttransplant; the ebv+ category is 0 percent at 0 Months posttransplant and is percent at 60 Months posttransplant; and the all category is 0 percent at 0 Months posttransplant and is percent at 60 Months posttransplant.

Figure LU 90. Incidence of PTLD among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2004-2014
Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier competing risk method. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is identified as a reported complication or cause of death on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form or on the Posttransplant Malignancy Form as polymorphic PTLD, monomorphic PTLD, or Hodgkin disease. Only the earliest date of PTLD diagnosis is considered. EBV, Epstein-Barr virus.


A line plot for patient death among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years; the 6 to month category increases by 60.5% from 15.1 percent at 1999-2000 to 24.3 percent at 2015-2016; the 1 to year category increases by 94.2% from 17.3 percent at 1999-2000 to 33.6 percent at 2015-2016; the 3 to year category decreases by 19.9% from 39.1 percent at 1999-2000 to 31.3 percent at 2013-2014; the 5 to year category decreases by 43.7% from 39.1 percent at 1999-2000 to 22 percent at 2011-2012; and the 10 to year category decreases by 12.5% from 62.9 percent at 1999-2000 to 55.1 percent at 2007-2008.

Figure LU 91. Patient death among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years
All deceased donor lung recipients aged 0-11 years, including multi-organ transplants. Patients are followed until the earlier of death or December 31, 2016. Estimates computed with Cox proportional hazards models reporting, adjusted for age, sex, and race.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2012, by age; the less than 1 category decreases by 48.6% from 100 percent at 0 Months post-transplant to 51.4 percent at 60 Months post-transplant; the 1 to 5 category decreases by 42.2% from 100 percent at 0 Months post-transplant to 57.8 percent at 60 Months post-transplant; the 6 to 11 category decreases by 34.8% from 100 percent at 0 Months post-transplant to 65.2 percent at 60 Months post-transplant; and the all category decreases by 40.3% from 100 percent at 0 Months post-transplant to 59.7 percent at 60 Months post-transplant.

Figure LU 92. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2012, by age
Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.


A line plot for patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2012, by diagnosis; the cystic fibrosis category decreases by 30.0% from 100 percent at 0 Months post-transplant to 70 percent at 60 Months post-transplant; the ph category decreases by 53.6% from 100 percent at 0 Months post-transplant to 46.4 percent at 60 Months post-transplant; and the other category decreases by 39.6% from 100 percent at 0 Months post-transplant to 60.4 percent at 60 Months post-transplant.

Figure LU 93. Patient survival among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2012, by diagnosis
Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. PH, pulmonary hypertension.


A line plot for one-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2007-2016; the graft failure category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant; the infection category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant; the cardio/cerebrovascular category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant; the malignancy category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant; and the respiratory category is 0 percent at 0 Months since transplant and is percent at 12 Months since transplant.

Figure LU 94. One-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2007-2016
Primary cause of death is as reported on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration and Follow-up Forms. Other causes of death include hemorrhage, trauma, nonadherence, unspecified other, unknown, etc. Cumulative incidence is estimated using Kaplan-Meier competing risk methods.


A line plot for five-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2007-2012; the graft failure category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5; the infection category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5; the cardio/cerebrovascular category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5; the malignancy category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5; and the respiratory category is 0 percent at 0 and is percent at 5.

Figure LU 95. Five-year cumulative incidence of death by cause among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2007-2012
Primary cause of death is as reported on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration and Follow-up Forms. Other causes of death include hemorrhage, trauma, nonadherence, unspecified other, unknown, etc. Cumulative incidence is estimated using Kaplan-Meier competing risk methods.


Table LU 1 Demographic characteristics of candidates aged 12 years or older on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2017
Candidates waiting for transplant on December 31, 2012, and 2017, regardless of first listing date; multiple listings are collapsed.
Characteristic 2012, N 2012, Percent 2017, N 2017, Percent
Age: 12-17 years 23 1.4% 13 1.0%
Age: 18-34 years 168 10.5% 119 8.8%
Age: 35-49 years 232 14.6% 192 14.1%
Age: 50-64 years 847 53.2% 644 47.4%
Age: ≥ 65 years 323 20.3% 392 28.8%
Sex: Female 931 58.4% 809 59.5%
Sex: Male 662 41.6% 551 40.5%
Race/ethnicity: White 1295 81.3% 1007 74.0%
Race/ethnicity: Black 168 10.5% 170 12.5%
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic 93 5.8% 132 9.7%
Race/ethnicity: Asian 25 1.6% 39 2.9%
Race/ethnicity: Other/unknown 12 0.8% 12 0.9%
Geography: Metropolitan 1308 82.1% 1135 83.5%
Geography: Non-metro 285 17.9% 225 16.5%
Distance: < 50 miles 732 46.0% 696 51.2%
Distance: 50-<100 miles 292 18.3% 230 16.9%
Distance: 100-<150 miles 171 10.7% 132 9.7%
Distance: 150-<250 miles 215 13.5% 157 11.5%
Distance: ≥ 250 miles 176 11.0% 138 10.1%
Distance: Unknown 7 0.4% 7 0.5%
Height: < 150 cm 68 4.3% 60 4.4%
Height: 150-< 160 cm 318 20.0% 313 23.0%
Height: 160-< 170 cm 609 38.2% 478 35.1%
Height: 170-< 180 cm 415 26.1% 345 25.4%
Height: ≥ 180 cm 180 11.3% 164 12.1%
Height: Unknown 3 0.2% 0 0.0%
All candidates 1593 100.0% 1360 100.0%



Table LU 2 Clinical characteristics of candidates aged 12 years or older on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2017
Candidates waiting for transplant on December 31, 2012, and 2017, regardless of first listing date; multiple listings are collapsed. All candidates with unknown LAS in are inactive.
Characteristic 2012, N 2012, Percent 2017, N 2017, Percent
Diagnosis group: A 726 45.6% 527 38.8%
Diagnosis group: B 127 8.0% 128 9.4%
Diagnosis group: C 185 11.6% 128 9.4%
Diagnosis group: D 555 34.8% 577 42.4%
LAS: < 30 35 2.2% 77 5.7%
LAS: 30-< 35 793 49.8% 561 41.2%
LAS: 35-< 40 350 22.0% 364 26.8%
LAS: 40-< 50 277 17.4% 236 17.4%
LAS: 50-< 60 57 3.6% 56 4.1%
LAS: ≥ 60 49 3.1% 66 4.9%
LAS: Unknown 32 2.0% 0 0.0%
Blood type: A 631 39.6% 437 32.1%
Blood type: B 149 9.4% 155 11.4%
Blood type: AB 44 2.8% 43 3.2%
Blood type: O 769 48.3% 725 53.3%
All candidates 1593 100.0% 1360 100.0%



Table LU 3 Listing characteristics of candidates aged 12 years or older on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2017
Candidates waiting for transplant on December 31, 2012, and 2017, regardless of first listing date; multiple listings are collapsed.
Characteristic 2012, N 2012, Percent 2017, N 2017, Percent
Wait time: < 31 days 137 8.6% 199 14.6%
Wait time: 31-60 days 123 7.7% 134 9.9%
Wait time: 61-90 days 92 5.8% 117 8.6%
Wait time: 3-< 6 months 233 14.6% 221 16.2%
Wait time: 6-< 12 months 252 15.8% 241 17.7%
Wait time: 1-< 2 years 291 18.3% 218 16.0%
Wait time: 2-< 3 years 179 11.2% 89 6.5%
Wait time: ≥ 3 years 286 18.0% 141 10.4%
Waitlist status: Active 1277 80.2% 1132 83.2%
Waitlist status: Inactive 316 19.8% 228 16.8%
Transplant history: First 1544 96.9% 1332 97.9%
Transplant history: Retransplant 49 3.1% 28 2.1%
Tx type: Lung only 1538 96.5% 1298 95.4%
Tx type: Heart-lung 42 2.6% 41 3.0%
Tx type: Other 13 0.8% 21 1.5%
All candidates 1593 100.0% 1360 100.0%



Table LU 4 Lung transplant waitlist activity among candidates aged 12 years or older
Candidates concurrently listed at more than one center are counted once, from the time of earliest listing to the time of latest removal. Candidates who are listed, undergo transplant, and are relisted are counted more than once. Candidates are not considered to be on the list on the day they are removed; counts on January 1 may differ from counts on December 31 of the prior year. Candidates listed for multi-organ transplants are included.
Waiting list state 2015 2016 2017
Patients at start of year 1636 1518 1387
Patients added during year 2490 2692 2901
Patients removed during year 2605 2816 2928
Patients at end of year 1521 1394 1360



Table LU 5 Removal reason among lung transplant candidats aged 12 years or older
Removal reason as reported to the OPTN. Candidates with death dates that precede removal dates are assumed to have died waiting.
Removal reason 2015 2016 2017
Deceased donor transplant 2048 2322 2449
Living donor transplant 0 0 0
Patient died 243 201 214
Patient refused transplant 9 16 12
Improved, transplant not needed 42 29 38
Too sick for transplant 147 136 112
Other 116 112 103



Table LU 6 Demographic characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2012 and 2017
Lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, including retransplants.
Characteristic 2012, N 2012, Percent 2017, N 2017, Percent
Age: 12-17 years 22 1.2% 32 1.3%
Age: 18-34 years 209 11.8% 246 10.0%
Age: 35-49 years 225 12.7% 270 11.0%
Age: 50-64 years 832 47.0% 1097 44.5%
Age: ≥ 65 years 483 27.3% 820 33.3%
Sex: Female 714 40.3% 1018 41.3%
Sex: Male 1057 59.7% 1447 58.7%
Race/ethnicity: White 1470 83.0% 1941 78.7%
Race/ethnicity: Black 145 8.2% 241 9.8%
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic 121 6.8% 200 8.1%
Race/ethnicity: Asian 31 1.8% 71 2.9%
Race/ethnicity: Other/unknown 4 0.2% 12 0.5%
Height: < 150 cm 41 2.3% 79 3.2%
Height: 150-< 160 cm 233 13.2% 358 14.5%
Height: 160-< 170 cm 529 29.9% 735 29.8%
Height: 170-< 180 cm 611 34.5% 858 34.8%
Height: ≥ 180 cm 356 20.1% 432 17.5%
Height: Unknown 1 0.1% 3 0.1%
Insurance: Private 924 52.2% 1090 44.2%
Insurance: Medicare 690 39.0% 1089 44.2%
Insurance: Other government 139 7.8% 271 11.0%
Insurance: Unknown 18 1.0% 15 0.6%
Geography: Metropolitan 1469 82.9% 2068 83.9%
Geography: Non-metro 302 17.1% 397 16.1%
Distance: < 50 miles 823 46.5% 1200 48.7%
Distance: 50-<100 miles 287 16.2% 487 19.8%
Distance: 100-<150 miles 204 11.5% 274 11.1%
Distance: 150-<250 miles 228 12.9% 253 10.3%
Distance: ≥ 250 miles 213 12.0% 234 9.5%
Distance: Unknown 16 0.9% 17 0.7%
All recipients 1771 100.0% 2465 100.0%



Table LU 7 Clinical characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2012 and 2017
Lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, including retransplants. ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Characteristic 2012, N 2012, Percent 2017, N 2017, Percent
Diagnosis group: A 481 27.2% 669 27.1%
Diagnosis group: B 66 3.7% 126 5.1%
Diagnosis group: C 209 11.8% 263 10.7%
Diagnosis group: D 1015 57.3% 1407 57.1%
Blood type: A 688 38.8% 998 40.5%
Blood type: B 213 12.0% 279 11.3%
Blood type: AB 69 3.9% 99 4.0%
Blood type: O 801 45.2% 1089 44.2%
Medical condition: Hospitalized in ICU 188 10.6% 295 12.0%
Medical condition: Hospitalized, not ICU 167 9.4% 235 9.5%
Medical condition: Not hospitalized 1416 80.0% 1935 78.5%
LAS: < 30 2 0.1% 3 0.1%
LAS: 30-< 35 430 24.3% 625 25.4%
LAS: 35-< 40 384 21.7% 566 23.0%
LAS: 40-< 50 433 24.4% 599 24.3%
LAS: 50-< 60 177 10.0% 201 8.2%
LAS: ≥ 60 344 19.4% 471 19.1%
LAS: Unknown 1 0.1% 0 0.0%
Vent/ECMO at transplant: Vent + ECMO 43 2.4% 75 3.0%
Vent/ECMO at transplant: Vent only 86 4.9% 74 3.0%
Vent/ECMO at transplant: ECMO only 17 1.0% 53 2.2%
Vent/ECMO at transplant: Neither 1625 91.8% 2263 91.8%
All recipients 1771 100.0% 2465 100.0%



Table LU 8 Transplant characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2012 and 2017
Lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, including retransplants. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.
Characteristic 2012, N 2012, Percent 2017, N 2017, Percent
Wait time: < 31 days 640 36.1% 963 39.1%
Wait time: 31-60 days 238 13.4% 373 15.1%
Wait time: 61-90 days 154 8.7% 229 9.3%
Wait time: 3-< 6 months 294 16.6% 375 15.2%
Wait time: 6-< 12 months 212 12.0% 275 11.2%
Wait time: ≥ 1 year 232 13.1% 250 10.1%
Wait time: Unknown 1 0.1% 0 0.0%
Procedure: Lobar 1 0.1% 0 0.0%
Procedure: Single 569 32.1% 618 25.1%
Procedure: Bilateral 1201 67.8% 1847 74.9%
Donor type: DBD 1749 98.8% 2376 96.4%
Donor type: DCD 21 1.2% 89 3.6%
Donor type: Living 1 0.1% 0 0.0%
Transplant history: First 1673 94.5% 2387 96.8%
Transplant history: Retransplant 98 5.5% 78 3.2%
Tx type: Lung only 1733 97.9% 2421 98.2%
Tx type: Heart-lung 29 1.6% 26 1.1%
Tx type: Other 9 0.5% 18 0.7%
All recipients 1771 100.0% 2465 100.0%



Table LU 9 Donor-recipient serology matching among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older, 2013-2017
Donor serology is reported on the OPTN Donor Registration Form and recipient serology on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration Form. There may be multiple fields per serology. Any evidence for a positive serology is treated as positive for that serology. If all fields are unknown, incomplete, or pending, the person is categorized as unknown for that serology; otherwise, serology is assumed negative. CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus.
Donor Recipient CMV EBV
D- R- 17.4% 0.6%
D- R+ 20.1% 6.4%
D- R unk 0.1% 0.2%
D+ R- 27.1% 8.4%
D+ R+ 34.8% 82.0%
D+ R unk 0.1% 2.4%
D unk R- 0.1% 0.0%
D unk R+ 0.3% 0.1%



Table LU 10 Posttransplant events among lung transplant recipients aged 12 years or older
Posttransplant morbidities are recorded on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form and are included in the table if they were reported anytime on or before 1-year and 5-year follow-up. One-year events are reported for recipients in 2014-2015 and 5-year events for recipients in 2010-2012. Recipients of more than one transplant are counted separately per transplant. For bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the most severe complication recorded for each transplant is counted.
Event One-year, N One-year, Pct Five-year, N Five-year, Pct
BOS: None reported 4900 89.5% 1629 57.3%
BOS: Reported 357 6.5% 1213 42.7%
BOS: Unknown 217 4.0% 2 0.1%
Creatinine > 2.5 mg/dl 242 4.4% 375 13.2%
Chronic dialysis 86 1.6% 69 2.4%
Renal transplant 6 0.1% 22 0.8%
Diabetes 440 8.0% 594 20.9%
Malignancy 203 3.7% 644 22.6%
Re-hospitalization 2529 46.2% 2227 78.3%
Functional status: No assistance needed 4372 79.9% 2241 78.8%
Functional status: Some assistance needed 441 8.1% 228 8.0%
Functional status: Total assistance needed 131 2.4% 75 2.6%
Functional status: Unknown 530 9.7% 300 10.5%
All recipients 5474 100.0% 2844 100.0%



Table LU 11 Demographic characteristics of candidates aged 0-11 years on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2017
Candidates aged younger than 12 years waiting for transplant on December 31, 2006, and December 31, 2016, regardless of first listing date; multiple listings are collapsed. Age calculated at snapshot. Candidates listed as before age 12 who turned 12 before the cohort date are excluded.
Characteristic 2007, N 2007, Percent 2017, N 2017, Percent
Age: < 1 year 1 1.6% 2 10.5%
Age: 1-5 years 13 20.6% 6 31.6%
Age: 6-11 years 49 77.8% 11 57.9%
Sex: Female 35 55.6% 7 36.8%
Sex: Male 28 44.4% 12 63.2%
Race/ethnicity: White 43 68.3% 12 63.2%
Race/ethnicity: Black 5 7.9% 1 5.3%
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic 11 17.5% 3 15.8%
Race/ethnicity: Asian 4 6.3% 1 5.3%
Race/ethnicity: Other/unknown 0 0.0% 2 10.5%
Geography: Metropolitan 50 79.4% 15 78.9%
Geography: Non-metro 13 20.6% 4 21.1%
Distance: < 50 miles 16 25.4% 7 36.8%
Distance: 50-<100 miles 5 7.9% 2 10.5%
Distance: 100-<150 miles 6 9.5% 1 5.3%
Distance: 150-<250 miles 8 12.7% 4 21.1%
Distance: ≥ 250 miles 28 44.4% 5 26.3%
Height: < 70 cm 6 9.5% 6 31.6%
Height: 70-< 90 cm 15 23.8% 1 5.3%
Height: 90-< 110 cm 15 23.8% 3 15.8%
Height: 110-< 130 cm 20 31.7% 7 36.8%
Height: ≥ 130 cm 7 11.1% 2 10.5%
All candidates 63 100.0% 19 100.0%



Table LU 12 Clinical characteristics of candidates aged 0-11 years on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2017
Candidates aged younger than 12 years waiting for transplant on December 31, 2007, and December 31, 2017, regardless of first listing date; multiple listings are collapsed. Candidates listed as before age 12 who turned 12 before the cohort date are excluded.
Characteristic 2007, N 2007, Percent 2017, N 2017, Percent
Diagnosis: Cystic fibrosis 11 17.5% 3 15.8%
Diagnosis: Pulmonary hypertension 24 38.1% 7 36.8%
Diagnosis: Pulmonary fibrosis 10 15.9% 0 0.0%
Diagnosis: Other vascular 1 1.6% 1 5.3%
Diagnosis: Other/unknown 17 27.0% 8 42.1%
Blood type: A 24 38.1% 6 31.6%
Blood type: B 9 14.3% 2 10.5%
Blood type: AB 4 6.3% 1 5.3%
Blood type: O 26 41.3% 10 52.6%
All candidates 63 100.0% 19 100.0%



Table LU 13 Listing characteristics of candidates aged 0-11 years on the lung transplant waiting list on December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2017
Candidates aged younger than 12 years waiting for transplant on December 31, 2007, and December 31, 2017, regardless of first listing date; multiple listings are collapsed. Candidates listed as before age 12 who turned 12 before the cohort date are excluded.
Characteristic 2007, N 2007, Percent 2017, N 2017, Percent
Wait time: < 31 days 4 6.3% 1 5.3%
Wait time: 31-60 days 1 1.6% 1 5.3%
Wait time: 61-90 days 2 3.2% 3 15.8%
Wait time: 3-< 6 months 9 14.3% 6 31.6%
Wait time: 6-< 12 months 7 11.1% 3 15.8%
Wait time: 1-< 2 years 7 11.1% 3 15.8%
Wait time: 2-< 3 years 7 11.1% 0 0.0%
Wait time: ≥ 3 years 26 41.3% 2 10.5%
Waitlist status: Active 31 49.2% 10 52.6%
Waitlist status: Inactive 32 50.8% 9 47.4%
Transplant history: First 61 96.8% 19 100.0%
Transplant history: Retransplant 2 3.2% 0 0.0%
Tx type: Lung only 54 85.7% 19 100.0%
Tx type: Heart-lung 9 14.3% 0 0.0%
All candidates 63 100.0% 19 100.0%



Table LU 14 Lung transplant waitlist activity among candidates aged 0-11 years
Candidates concurrently listed at more than one center are counted once, from the time of earliest listing to the time of latest removal. Candidates who are listed, undergo transplant, and are relisted are counted more than once. Candidates are not considered to be on the list on the day they are removed; counts on January 1 may differ from counts on December 31 of the prior year. Candidates listed for multi-organ transplants are included.
Waiting list state 2015 2016 2017
Patients at start of year 29 20 22
Patients added during year 23 23 30
Patients removed during year 32 21 27
Patients at end of year 20 22 25



Table LU 15 Removal reason among lung transplant candidates aged 0-11 years
Removal reason as reported to the OPTN. Candidates with death dates that precede removal dates are assumed to have died waiting.
Removal reason 2015 2016 2017
Deceased donor transplant 17 15 16
Living donor transplant 0 0 0
Patient died 8 4 8
Patient refused transplant 0 0 0
Improved, transplant not needed 2 2 2
Too sick for transplant 2 0 1
Other 3 0 0



Table LU 16 Demographic characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2007 and 2015-2017
Lung transplant recipients, including retransplants.
Characteristic 2005-07, N 2005-07, Percent 2015-17, N 2015-17, Percent
Age: < 1 year 15 22.7% 7 15.2%
Age: 1-5 years 22 33.3% 15 32.6%
Age: 6-11 years 29 43.9% 24 52.2%
Sex: Female 36 54.5% 21 45.7%
Sex: Male 30 45.5% 25 54.3%
Race/ethnicity: White 43 65.2% 28 60.9%
Race/ethnicity: Black 7 10.6% 4 8.7%
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic 10 15.2% 12 26.1%
Race/ethnicity: Asian 6 9.1% 2 4.3%
Height: < 70 cm 18 27.3% 11 23.9%
Height: 70-< 90 cm 12 18.2% 9 19.6%
Height: 90-< 110 cm 13 19.7% 5 10.9%
Height: 110-< 130 cm 15 22.7% 16 34.8%
Height: ≥ 130 cm 8 12.1% 5 10.9%
Insurance: Private 31 47.0% 16 34.8%
Insurance: Medicaid 33 50.0% 23 50.0%
Insurance: Unknown 2 3.0% 7 15.2%
Geography: Metropolitan 55 83.3% 35 76.1%
Geography: Non-metro 11 16.7% 11 23.9%
Distance: < 50 miles 19 28.8% 13 28.3%
Distance: 50-<100 miles 5 7.6% 5 10.9%
Distance: 100-<150 miles 7 10.6% 1 2.2%
Distance: 150-<250 miles 5 7.6% 5 10.9%
Distance: ≥ 250 miles 30 45.5% 16 34.8%
Distance: Unknown 0 0.0% 6 13.0%
All recipients 66 100.0% 46 100.0%



Table LU 17 Clinical characteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2007 and 2015-2017
Lung transplant recipients, including retransplants. ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Characteristic 2005-07, N 2005-07, Percent 2015-17, N 2015-17, Percent
Diagnosis: Cystic fibrosis 13 19.7% 12 26.1%
Diagnosis: Pulmonary hypertension 13 19.7% 9 19.6%
Diagnosis: Pulmonary fibrosis 5 7.6% 2 4.3%
Diagnosis: Other vascular 1 1.5% 5 10.9%
Diagnosis: Other/unknown 34 51.5% 18 39.1%
Blood type: A 22 33.3% 15 32.6%
Blood type: B 8 12.1% 10 21.7%
Blood type: AB 6 9.1% 2 4.3%
Blood type: O 30 45.5% 19 41.3%
Medical condition: Hospitalized in ICU 25 37.9% 15 32.6%
Medical condition: Hospitalized, not ICU 13 19.7% 8 17.4%
Medical condition: Not hospitalized 28 42.4% 23 50.0%
Medical urgency: priority 1 36 78.3%
Medical urgency: priority 2 10 21.7%
Vent/ECMO at transplant: Vent + ECMO 2 3.0% 3 6.5%
Vent/ECMO at transplant: Vent only 21 31.8% 10 21.7%
Vent/ECMO at transplant: Neither 43 65.2% 33 71.7%
All recipients 66 100.0% 46 100.0%



Table LU 18 Transplant haracteristics of lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2005-2007 and 2015-2017
Lung transplant recipients, including retransplants.
Characteristic 2005-07, N 2005-07, Percent 2015-17, N 2015-17, Percent
Wait time: < 31 days 19 28.8% 4 8.7%
Wait time: 31-60 days 14 21.2% 12 26.1%
Wait time: 61-90 days 7 10.6% 11 23.9%
Wait time: 3-< 6 months 14 21.2% 9 19.6%
Wait time: 6-< 12 months 7 10.6% 6 13.0%
Wait time: ≥ 1 year 5 7.6% 4 8.7%
Bilateral procedure 66 100.0% 46 100.0%
Transplant history: First 62 93.9% 43 93.5%
Transplant history: Retransplant 4 6.1% 3 6.5%
Tx type: Lung only 57 86.4% 45 97.8%
Tx type: Heart-lung 8 12.1% 0 0.0%
Tx type: Other 1 1.5% 1 2.2%
All recipients 66 100.0% 46 100.0%



Table LU 19 Donor-recipient serology matching among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years, 2013-2017
Donor serology is reported on the OPTN Donor Registration Form and recipient serology on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration Form. There may be multiple fields per serology. Any evidence for a positive serology is treated as positive for that serology. If all fields are unknown, incomplete, or pending, the person is categorized as unknown for that serology; otherwise, serology is assumed negative. CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus.
Donor Recipient CMV EBV
D- R- 39.8% 14.0%
D- R+ 17.2% 21.5%
D- R unk 1.1% 1.1%
D+ R- 25.8% 37.6%
D+ R+ 16.1% 24.7%
D+ R unk 0.0% 1.1%



Table LU 20 Posttransplant events among lung transplant recipients aged 0-11 years
Posttransplant morbidities are recorded on the OPTN Pediatric Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form and are included in the table if they were reported anytime on or before 1-year and 5-year follow-up. One-year events are reported for recipients in 2013-2016 and 5-year events for recipients in 2009-2012. Recipients of more than one transplant are counted separately per transplant. For bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the most severe complication recorded for each transplant is counted.
Event One-year, N One-year, Pct Five-year, N Five-year, Pct
BOS: None reported 58 92.1% 30 65.2%
BOS: Reported 3 4.8% 16 34.8%
BOS: Unknown 2 3.2% 0 0.0%
Diabetes 1 1.6% 3 6.5%
Malignancy 2 3.2% 0 0.0%
Re-hospitalization 33 52.4% 43 93.5%
Functional status: Fully active 57 90.5% 42 91.3%
Functional status: Min. active 1 1.6% 2 4.3%
Functional status: Bedbound 3 4.8% 0 0.0%
Functional status: Unknown 2 3.2% 2 4.3%
All recipients 63 100.0% 46 100.0%